^B{^#!16!19 July^N! Feast day of Saints Justa and Rufina, St Ambrose Autpert, St Macrina the Younger, St Arsenius the Great, St James of Nisibia, St Symmachus, pope, and St John Plesington.
^B{1545^B} The ^I{Mary Rose^I}, the pride of Henry VIII's battle fleet, keeled over and sank in the Solent with the loss of 700 lives. (The ship was raised 11 Oct 1982 to be taken to Portsmouth Dockyard.) ^B{1837^B} Brunel's 70 m/236 ft steamship, the ^I{Great Western^I}, was launched at Bristol. ^B{1848^B} At a convention in Seneca Falls, New York, female rights campaigner Amelia Bloomer introduced 'bloomers' to the world. ^B{1903^B} The first Tour de France cycle race was won by Maurice Garin. ^B{1949^B} Laos gained independence. ^B{1982^B} Tom Watson became the fifth man to win both the US and British Open Golf Tournaments in the same year. ^B{1991^B} A major political scandal erupted in South Africa after the government admitted that it had made secret payments to the Zulu-based Inkatha Freedom Party.
^B{^I{^#!14!Born ^N}Samuel Colt, US inventor, ^B{1814^B}; Edgar Degas, French painter, ^B{1834^B}; Lizzie Borden, alleged US axe murderess, ^B{1860^B}; Charles Horace Mayo, US physician, ^B{1865^B}; A J Cronin, Scottish novelist, ^B{1896^B}; Ilie Nastase, Romanian tennis player, ^B{1946^B}.
^B{^I{^#!14!Died ^N}Petrarch, Italian poet, ^B{1374^B}; Matthew Flinders, English navigator and explorer of Australia, ^B{1814^B}; Tom Hayward, English cricketer, ^B{1939^B}; Syngman Rhee, Korean politician, ^B{1965^B}; Clarence White, US pop guitarist, ^B{1973^B}; Szymon Goldberg, Polish-born violinist and conductor, ^B{1993^B}.
